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Regeneration trajectory in a degraded semideciduous seasonal forest fragment submitted to lianas cutting and ecological restoration plantations Despite its importance, the restoration of degraded forest remnants in fragmented landscapes still lacks technical and scientific advances to be included in the agenda of ecological restoration. Currently, there are no consolidated restoration methods, nor protocols for evaluation and monitoring of natural regeneration and ecological restoration in degraded forest fragments. In the degraded Seasonal Semideciduous Forest of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, some lianas became dominant, especially in treefall gaps and forest edges, suffocating trees and inhibiting the regeneration of other species. In these areas, lianas cutting and tree seedling plantings have been proposed as restoration techniques. However, we lack investigation on the effectiveness over time of those techniques. Besides, we even do not know if the restoration of degraded forest areas is indeed necessary, as we know little if and how degraded areas without canopy cover recover over time. Thus, in order to analyze the effectiveness of lianas cutting and tree seedling plantings on the regeneration of the tree community in degraded forest fragments, we evaluated the canopy cover trajectory over a period of 22 years. In addition, we evaluated ecological indicators in a 16-year chronosequence of forest restoration, in a degraded Semidecidual Seasonal Forest located in Campinas-SP, southeastern Brazil. For the assessment of the canopy cover trajectory, aerial photographs of 1994, 2005 and 2016 were visually analyzed and their canopy gaps manually vectored, allowing inferring if gaps areas recovered over time and if the canopy recovery occurred more effective in edge submitted to forest restoration practices. The percentage of areas without tree canopy (gaps and areas covered by lianas) has increased over the years, going from 2.95% in 1994 to 10.71% in 2016. Most of the areas recover naturally over time without human interference, but other gaps arised, and in a larger area, raising the areas without tree canopy. At the edges, tree canopy was reestablished in 58.3% of the abandoned areas and in 85.6% of the areas undergoing forest restoration, suggesting that restoration practices accelerate tree canopy restoration. Cutting tree and planting tree seedlings reduced treetop infestation by lianas, and increased tree richness and basal area over time. In addition, all areas submitted to forest restoration practices, regardless of age, presented lower lianas density and basal area than degraded forest edges. On the other hand, the density of trees in the natural regeneration is well below the density found on conserved edges used as references, even in the 16-year-old restoration. Our results suggest that although forest restoration practices improve the structure and richness of degraded forest edges, some indicators in the restoration areas are still far from being similar to the levels found in conserved edges.

Trajetória de regeneração em fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual degradado submetido ao corte de trepadeiras e a plantios de restauração ecológica