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Plant extract from Solanaceae: chemical investigation and bioactivity on Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored corn The use of plants with insecticidal action has been considered a promising alternative in the integrated pest managment, showing several advantages over current control methods. In recent years in Brasil, a number of studies have shown that plant-derived products have bioactivity against insects. Thus, the identification and description of the chemical compounds responsible for this bioactivity is fundamental, since such compounds can be used as models for development of new synthetic insecticides with chemical structure analogous to the natural ones, mostly those that present different mode of action of those currently registred. Therefore, in the present study, a screening was performed with 17 ethanolic extracts from 9 Solanaceae species to evaluate their bioactivity on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored grain corn. The ethanolic extract from the leaves of Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Bercht. & J. Presl was the most efficient among all, presenting the lethal concentrations to kill 50 and 90% of the population (LC50 and LC90) equal to 2,231 mg kg and 5,859 mg kg, respectively, and the mean lethal time (LT50), using the LC90, of 99.78 h. Therefore, this extract was selected to continue the biomonitoring chemical fractions with toxicological bioassays to identify bioactive compounds. Some of the chemical fractions obtained from B. suaveolens extract killed more than 50% of the adults of S. zeamais, besides reducing the progeny F1 and, consequently, the damages in the corn grains. This bioactivity is possibly due to the presence of fatty acids and alkaloids. An ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis was performed with the BSHex6-F4 fraction and alkaloids derivatives compounds were identified. A gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed with the BSHex1-F3, BSHex1-F4 and BSHex1-F6 fractions and fatty acids derivatives were identified. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the potential to prospect insecticidal compounds of Solanaceae family species to protect corn stored grains against damage caused by S. zeamais.

Extratos vegetais de Solanaceae: investigação química e bioatividade sobre &gt;i&lt;Sitophilus zeamais&gt;/i&lt; Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em grãos de milho armazenado