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Asiatic rust resistance in elite soybean lines Breeding of plants has provided significant increases in productivity in the soybean crop. However, the existence of numerous pests and diseases has hampered the work of breeders, who are looking for effective resistance to these stresses. Among soybean diseases, soybean rust is an important threat to soybean production, reducing productivity and considerably increasing fungicide application in cropping systems. thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate elite soybean lines, originated from crosses between adapted and exotic parents, aiming the selection of strains resistant to soybean Asian rust, with high yields and favorable agronomic characteristics. A total of 299 soybean lines and five commercial checks were evaluated at three contrasting sites in the 2017/2018 season. The genotypes were evaluated based on the following characters: Number of days to flowering (NDF), Number of days to maturity (NDM), Plant height at maturity (PHM), Agronomic value (AV), lodging (L), 100 seed weight (HSW) and grain yield (GY). For each trait, the components of variance were estimated using the method REML and genotypic values of each individual were estimated by procedure BLUP. The parameters of heritability, correlation, and gain selection were also estimated. Individuals who obtained an average yield of more than 1700 kg.ha-1 were selected. For most of the characters evaluated the environmental variance, it exceeded the genetic variance and the interaction, indicating that the environment has a great influence on the expression of the characters. The significant correlations did not present high magnitudes, making indirect selection unfeasible, so it is recommended to joint selection for all the characters. The selection based on high yields generated satisfactory gains for the other characteristics. It was possible to observe genotypes that showed good performance in the three evaluated environments. In one of the sites with the highest disease pressure the severity of the disease (SEV). The same 299 genotypes and four other checks, two resistant (Orba and Bing Nan) and two susceptible (IAC 100 and CD 215) were evaluated resistance in the greenhouse. Three characters were evaluated: Type of lesion (RB or TAN), amount of spores in the lesions at the base of the plant (QE1) and amount of spores in the crowns of the plant (QE2). The heritability for SEV was 0.61, this value is intermediate, showing that selection based on this characteristic may result in more resistant genotypes. For EQ1 and EQ2, the results indicate that there is variability and consequently the heritability also presented high values. It was verified the difficulty in joining genotypes with good levels of resistance to Rust and high yields. Promising lines were found for selection or inclusion in crosses for resistance to rust.

Resistência à ferrugem asiática em linhagens elite de soja