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Morphological characterization of the foliar surface of Chloris elata resistant to glyphosate and Management of tall windmill grass and sourgrass during the off-season in the soybean / maize succession system Weed resistance is a major problem that affects crop productivity in our country, whereas when it is identified, it must be studied in order to develop management strategies that avoid expansion and selection in new areas, as well as multiple resistance selection in areas where it is present. In this subject the objective of this research was to determine alternative management of glyphosate for the Chloris elata and Digitaria insularis species during the off season of the soybean crop and to identify the morphological characteristics of the leaf surface of Chloris elata that could interfere the control with herbicides. It was studied alternatives to glyphosate for management in areas of soybean / maize production system in two experiments with weeds Chloris elata and Digitaria insularis perennial and with two mowing conditions (15 and 30 cm). The visual control of weeds, fresh and dry matter reduction were evaluated. For the morphology of the leaves of the Chloris elata species, a histological analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy to characterize the leaf morphology, as well as to determine the stomatal index, stomatal density and trichome density for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves, stages 4 and 6 fully expanded leaves. Digitaria insularis was less susceptible to the management techniques used for perennial plants, requiring two sequential applications to contain the regrowth of treatments. The use of the highest dose of the herbicide haloxyfop associated with the herbicides glyphosate or ammonium glufosinate proved to be effective in the control of C. elata and D. insularis. Herbicide management potentiated herbicide action, and D. insularis weed was more susceptible to this technique than C. elata. For this management, the association of the highest dose of haloxyfop to glufosinate was effective for both grasses. The cutting heights differed only in the first evaluations. The resistant C. elata biotype showed lower stomatal density at the stage of 4 fully expanded leaves and greater density of trichomes in the stages of 6 fully expanded leaves, which may contribute to resistance to glyphosate. This species presented waxy crystal formations that surround the ostrich, in the stage of 6 fully expanded leaves, and may be related to the natural tolerance to the glyphosate of this perennial weed.

Caracterização morfológica da superfície foliar de &lt;em&gt;Chloris elata&lt;/em&gt; resistente ao glyphosate e manejo de capim-branco e capim-amargoso no período de entressafra no sistema de sucessão soja/milho