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Aspects of ammonium gluphosinate as the main control tool for weed management in soybean The glufosinate-tolerant soybean (Liberty Link®) was commercially launched in Brazil in the 2016/2017 harvest, with little knowledge of its agronomic performance and impact on nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. The aim was to evaluate the production system involving the soybean tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium in the following aspects: (i) weed management effectiveness; (ii) selectivity to the soybean crop; (iii) impact of soybean and ammonium glufosinate cultivars on nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. For this, a experiment was carried out in the field of commercial crop production, in which these aspects were evaluated in different soybean cultivars (conventional, tolerant to glyphosate or ammonium glufosinate) and different weed management (with and without weeding, application of glyphosate 1440 a.e. g ha and ammonium glufosinate 500 a.i. g ha + methylated vegetable oil 0.5 L ha). A experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions on herbicide selectivity, in the same doses and transgenic cultivars of the field experiment. In addition, an experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions and in the laboratory, evaluating the presence of ammonium glufosinate and glutamate in soybean tolerant to ammonium glufosinate or glyphosate. It was possible to verify low intoxication of soybean plants after application of ammonium glufosinate, with rapid recovery throughout the experiments. There was no difference in weed control (Alternanthera tenella, Sorghum halepense, Physalis angulata and Parthenium hysterophorus) and soybean yield in the different treatments. By the representation of Draftsman it was possible to observe that the species A. tenella, P.angulata and P. hysterophorus were the ones that most influenced the weed community dry mass of the culture. There was no difference among treatments in nodulation. There was no influence of nodulation and mycorrhization on productivity. Although mycorrhizal colonization was significantly lower in glufosinate tolerant soybean with application of this herbicide, it did not reflect a reduction in productivity. No glufosinate of ammonium and glutamate were found in the roots of the plants that justified the reduction of the mycorrhizal colonization in soybeans tolerant to glufosinate due to its application. The use of ammonium glufosinate in glufosinatetolerant soybean, compared to other systems used, shows to be safe and similar to the glyphosate tolerant technology, allowing another option of weed management tool in the soybean crop, without interfering in the final productivity of the grains, especially in adequate nutritional conditions as occurred in this study, being only warned about its possible negative impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization.

Aspectos do glufosinato de amônio como principal ferramenta de controle no manejo de plantas daninhas na soja