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Application of acerola extracts (Malpighia emarginata) in lipid emulsions Lipid oxidation is one of the major causes of deterioration and loss of food quality. Synthetic antioxidants are applied in order to reduce or inhibit this reaction. However, with growing concern about health aspects of these antioxidants, several research aims to find alternatives from natural sources. The antioxidant activity in fruits has been studied. Acerola stands out due to its components, such as ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and anthocyanins, that may are related to high antioxidant capacity, specially at the green maturation stage, which can be exploited as an additive for the food industry. The microencapsulation technique may facilitate its apllication by protecting the compounds and promoting controlled release of active compounds. The objective of this work was to obtain extracts of acerola fruit under optimized conditions and to submit them to the microencapsulation process, aiming to evaluate its potential application as antioxidant in lipid emulsion. The optimization of the extraction of active compounds from green and ripe acerola fruits was achieved through response surface methodology, in which the effects of proportion sample:solvent and time on the antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) and total phenolic compouns (TPC) were determided. The extracts obtained under optimized conditions were characterized as the content of total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC-H and FRAP), ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds (chlorogenic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids). The extract with greater antioxidant activity was selected to obtain microparticles by spray drying, with addition of gum arabic and maltodextrin. The microparticles were characterized (moisture, water activity, hygroscopicity, solubility, particle size), evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the maintenance of the antioxidant activity. The microparticles, the optimized aqueous acerola extract and the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ (terc-butyl-hydroquinone) were applied in model system of emulsion in concentrations up to 200 mg. Kg -1 . The emulsions were subjected to accelerated oxidation test at 40°C for 9 days, with monitoring of the variation of the hydroperoxides content, conjugated dienes and creaming index (CI) every 3 days. The optimization promoted to obtention of extracts with high antioxidant activity. For the ripe fruits the best sample:solvent (water) ratio was 1:30 and for green fruits it was 1:40. Optimum time identified was 10 minutes of extraction. The extracts of green fruits showed higher antioxidant activity than mature fruits, as well as higher concentrations of ascorbic acid and phenolic acids. The microparticles had low moisture content and water activity. The greater solubility and lower hygroscopicity was observed in those produced with maltodextrin. Both showed small particles and technological characteristics suitable for application in food; however the microparticle produced with gum arabic was distinguished by the high yield in the process and protection of the antioxidant activity. The treatments with addition of microparticles in emulsions showed significant protective effect similar to the synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ) at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg.kg -1 in the evaluation of lipid oxidation. However, the protective effect conferred by the addition of microparticles with gum arabic and a mixture of microparticles at 200 mg.kg -1 allowed the greater control of the oxidative process, with the observation of low hydroperoxides content, conjugated dienes and lower creaming inde during the accelerated test. It is concluded that microencapsulated extracts of green acerola fruits are a promising for application in lipid emulsions and show a potential to replace synthetic antioxidants in food and cosmetics.

Aplicação de extratos de acerola (<i>Malpighia emarginata</i>) em emulsões lipídicas