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Maturation of okra seeds and morphological changes evaluated by image analysis The main objective of this research was to study the maturation of okra seeds, identifying morphological alterations by use of image analysis and verifying its efficiency in characterization of seed maturation; In parallel, this research aimed to verify the occurrence of dormant seeds during the development. Seeds from cultivar Santa Cruz 47 were harvested at thirteen different stages of the fruit maturation process (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 days after anthesis). Seeds were evaluated for color, diameter, length, moisture content, dry matter, germination and vigor (first germination count) and seedling emergence using seeds immediately after harvest or after a postharvest resting period of fruits for seven days. The germination test was carried out using seeds without scarifying or with sulphuric acid scarification; at the end of the germination test, seeds were submitted to the tetrazolium test. After each harvest, the X-ray test was performed and then the seed images were analyzed with the ImageJ® software, determining the aspect ratio (ratio between the largest and the smallest axis of the ellipse equivalent to the seed) and the percentage free internal space within the inner cavity of the seed. To verify the structure of the seed coat with or without dormancy, the anatomy of the testa was evaluated by eletromicrography in a scanning electron microscopy; for this, dormant seeds harvested at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 days after anthesis were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design and factorial scheme. Means were compared by Tukey's test. The physiological maturity of the seeds was reached at 30 days after anthesis with maximum seed dry matter accumulation and moisture content of 56.6%. The percentage of seeds able to germinate and to produce normal seedlings increased during the seed maturation process, reaching a maximum level at 50 days after anthesis. The results indicated that the image analysis was efficient to identify the seed maturation process. The anatomical analysis of the testa was efficient for identification the structural cells and dormant seeds.

Maturação de sementes de quiabo e alterações morfológicas avaliadas por análise de imagens