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Evaluation of the root system of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) under different amounts of straw retained on the soil surface The mechanized harvest of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) deposits a large amount of straw on the soil, which is considered an excellent choice of lignocellulosic raw material for the generation of energy. The amount of sugarcane straw to be removed from the field and the impacts of this practice on soil and plant growth are not yet defined. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sugarcane straw removal from the field for energetic purposes in the mass and architecture of the root system and your relation with crop productivity. The experiment was conduced in Capivarí (SP), using the variety CTC14, in a sandy clay loam soil. The soil type of experimental area was a Rhodic Kandiudox (USDA Soil Taxonomy). The treatments represented increasing amounts of straw kept on the soil surface, from the mechanized harvest, being: 0 Mg ha 1 (removal of 100% of the straw); 4.2 Mg ha (75% removal); 8.7 Mg ha (50% removal) and 18.9 Mg ha (without removal). The evaluations estimated the vertical distribution (architecture) of the root system in the soil profile, and the root mass and its horizontal distribution in the area. Samples were collected at depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm and 60-80 cm using manual diggers. Soil density was determined with undisturbed soil samples and resistance to penetration by means of an impact penetrometer. The effects of the different amounts of straw on the root system and on soil variables were evaluated by means of regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, ANOVA and mean test. Straw maintenance reduces penetration resistance (PR) possibly due to the maintenance of soil moisture. High amounts of straw (18.9 Mg ha) decreased the root density and final yield of sugarcane. Even though in a discrete manner, the maintenance of sugarcane straw on the soil is capable of altering the distribution of the root system and is an important factor for the reduction of soil density and resistance to penetration. feasible strategy for the root system and, consequently, the final productivity. Intermediate amounts of straw over the soil (among those maintained in this study) appear to be the best alternative for the use of sugarcane biomass, using its surplus for the production of energy.

Avaliação do sistema radicular da cana-de-açúcar (&lt;i&gt;Saccharum spp&lt;/i&gt;.) sob diferentes quantidades de palha mantidas na superfície do solo