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Maize (Zea mays L.) associated bacterial community modulation through the inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria The use of mineral fertilizers is of great importance to the crop reaches its potential yield and become the production activity economically feasible, however, its excessive use is harmful to the environment, and brings risk to human health and local biodiversity. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been shown as a promising and sustainable alternative, aiming to improve productivity and reduce fertilizer use. These bacteria colonize the rhizosphere and plant internal tissues and are able to stimulate their host development and health through mechanisms such as nutrient availability, phytohormone production and pathogen control. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation effect of three PGPB strains in maize and the impact on associated bacterial community. The strains inoculated were Burkholderia ambifaria RZ2MS16, Bacillus sp. RZ2MS9, both isolated from guarana rhizosphere, and Azospirillum brasilense Ab-v5, a commercial inoculant. First, an anthibiosis assay was conducted between RZ2MS9 and Ab-v5 strains, showing no inhibition. Then, a growth-promotion assay was performed under field conditions, with maize plants inoculated with: (i) RZ2MS16; (ii) RZ2MS16 and Ab-v5; (iii) Ab-v5; (iv) RZ2MS9; (v) RZ2MS9 and Ab-v5; and (vi) control. The seeds were inoculated and, 60 days after sowing, the plant height, height to the cob insertion and stem diameter were measured. The inoculation with Ab-v5 and the co-inoculation with RZ2MS9 plus Ab-v5 increased the plant height in 3%, furthermore, the co-inoculation increased stem diameter in 9%, all compared to control. Using total DNA of maize’s leaf and root, bacterial 16S rRNA fragment was sequenced by Ion Torrent platform, to evaluate the effect of inoculation in associated bacterial community of both tissues. The inoculation was able to modulate the leaf bacterial community, with principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) explaining 39.51% of variation. It was not found modulation on root’s bacterial community. Difference in the bacterial community structure was observed when both niches were compared, regardless inoculation, with PCoA explaining 80.97% of this variation. Therefore, it is noted that studies of this nature are of great importance for a better understanding of the interaction between PGPB and bacterial community associated to the host plant and mechanisms leading to crop development.

Modulação da comunidade bacteriana associada ao milho (Zea mays L.) através da inoculação de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas