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Optimization of lipid extraction, with hexaneethanolwater in a matrix composed of waste processing of tilapia The total lipid content of animal tissues is not always accurately measured due to the lack of adequate methods for lipid extraction and quantitative determination of tissue fat. The extraction of lipids from complex matrices, such as fish, using the traditional methods proposed by Bligh &Dyer and Folch usually, employs solvents with high toxicity, whose residues can generate a high environmental impact. The chemical safety concern nowadays is directly linked to quality of life involving control and prevention of adverse effects of solvents to humans and the environment, ranging from the extraction, use and disposal of these and their residues. Moreover, the procedures of sample preparation, the sample: solvent ratio, the proportion of solvents applied, and the order of addition of solvents during the experiment are not standardized in these methods. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the extraction conditions of total lipids from fish processing residues, and thus propose a standardized method which ensures a maximum efficiency in lipid extraction. Furthermore, a more environmental-friendly oil extraction method using less toxic solvents than those proposed by the Bligh & Dyer method (i.e. using the hexane-ethanol-water phase diagram) was developed. After identifying the best combination of solvents, the extracts obtained with hexaneethanol showed effective yield on total lipids and the ability to extract the polar lipid components and nonpolar of the samples. The best use of lipids to be extracted from fish waste matrix, were the solution 1 (1: 7: 1,375) for the carcass of solution 2 (1: 2,5: 1,1875) for the head and the solution 4 (4: 1: 4,375) for the viscera totaling 14,13%, 14,69% and 47,63%(4: 1: 4,375) respectively. Therefore, to seek alternative solvent systems chloroform methanol to extract lipids of tilapia processing waste, it was possible to identify the best proportions of hexane: ethanol: water as replacing the traditional method proposed by Bligh & Dyer (1959).

Otimização da extração de lipídeos, via mistura ternária hexano- etanol- água, de matriz composta de resíduos do processamento de tilápias