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Sulfur supply and alleviation of the stress caused by barium in Tanzania guineagrass High barium (Ba) availability in growth medium can cause severe toxicity in plants. Nutrient supply may mitigate heavy metal phytotoxicity, especially the sulphur (S) supply. The study was carried out to evaluate the plant growth, visual symptoms, nutritional status, indicators of stress (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and proline) and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) in Tanzania guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) grown with combinations of S rates and Ba rates in nutrient solution, in a greenhouse, for two growth periods. Plants received nutrient solutions where combinations of five S rates (0.1, 1.0, 1.9, 2.8 and 3.7 mmol L) with five Ba rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mmol L) were used in a fractionated factorial (52), in randomized block design, with six replications and six plants per experimental unit. Plant production and nutritional status were highly affected by combinations of S and Ba rates, in both growth periods. Increase on Ba rates impaired growth, mainly on leaf area production. Barium rates impaired nutritional status, mainly on potassium and calcium, while increasing on S rates alleviated Ba toxic effects. High concentrations of malondialdehyde was observed in plants with increase of Ba application. The activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were high in plants grown with low S availability, while guaiacol peroxidase activity was enhanced by increasing Ba and S rates in the nutrient solution.

Suprimento de enxofre e o alívio do estresse causado pelo bário em capim tanzânia