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Selection of experimental host plants for transmission tests of citrus strain of Xylella fastidiosa Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is a major disease that affects the Brazilian citrus industry, caused by the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Wells), which colonizes several crop plants, ornamentals and weeds, and is transmitted by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). A better understanding of the CVC pathossystem is critical for developing effective tactics to control the disease. However, research on the relationships among pathogen strains, host plants and insect vectors associated with CVC is scarce, partly because of the lack of adequate host plants for transmission assays, since citrus is not a suitable experimental host for this purpose. Thus, the present study aimed to identify herbaceous plants that allow systemic colonization of citrus strains of X. fastidiosa, and evaluate them as source and test (indicator) plants in transmission assays by the sharpshooter Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg). Ten plant species, Bidens pilosa L., Catharanthus roseus L., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Medicago sativa L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sida rhombifolia L. and Solanum americanum Mill were mechanically inoculated with citrus isolates of X. fastidiosa and then evaluated for bacterial infection by primary isolation in culture medium and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those plant species that allowed bacterial colonization were later evaluated in two transmission experiments by B. xanthophis, In the first experiment, different plant species were tested as source plants for bacterial acquisition and transmission to C. roseus (test plant). In the second one, C. roseus was used as a source plant and different plant species were evaluated as test (indicator) plants for bacterial inoculation. During the transmission experiments, two biological parameters of B. xanthophis were evaluated: mortality rate (%) and honeydew excretion (as an indirect measure of ingestion). Between 30 and 90 days after inoculation, the test plants were analyzed for X. fastidiosa infection by PCR and culturing. The mechanical inoculation experiments showed systemic colonization and multiplication of X. fastidiosa in seven plant species (B. pilosa, C. roseus, C. sinensis, M. sativa, N. tabacum, O. basilicum and S. americanum), with higher rates of infection and bacterial populations of C. roseus and N. tabacum. The species C. roseus, M. sativa and O. basilicum, when used as source plants of X. fastidiosa, allowed higher ingestion (honeydew excretion) rates and lower mortality (15, 20 and 20%) of B. xanthophis during the 48-h acquisition access period. In the transmission experiment with different species of test plants, X. fastidiosa inoculation by the vector was detected in C. roseus, M. sativa, O. basilicum and S. americanum, with a higher rate of infected plants (about 20%) in the former two species. Among the herbaceous plant species evaluated in this research, C. roseus and M. sativa are the most appropriate indicator hosts of X. fastidiosa infection for transmission assays by B. xanthophis, whereas the former species is also suitable as a source plant.

Seleção de plantas hospedeiras experimentais para ensaios de transmissão da estirpe de citros de Xylella fastidiosa