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Tree species classification based on flooding tolerance and soil preparation for the restoration of wetlands From agriculture to the industry, water is an essential resource for humanity. It is also the scarcest resource at the present time and it will be scarcer in the next years. The protection of water resources is of most importance to ensure humanity’s well-being. Thus, projects aiming at the restoration of springs and riparian forests are being carried out around the world. In this context, hydrologically sensitive areas (HSA) of the river basins are the most important sites for water resources provision. However, water table dynamics causes water saturation of the soil in these areas, imposing barriers to recuperation and discouraging restoration practice and research. In this context, this study aims to analyze strategies for the ecological restoration of HSA. We carried out nursery tests to assess the hydrological saturation tolerance of 15 tree species typical from wetlands and used a non-typical species as control. Species were evaluated based on height and diameter at soil height increase, survival, development of morphological responses and the possible relation of the latter with growth rates. The cluster analysis classified species in groups based on five hydrological saturation tolerance levels, pointing that, for most species, higher hydrological saturation levels results in lower tolerance to this stress. An analysis of variance and Tukey test identified which species presented morphological characteristics (lenticels hypertrophy and adventitious roots) and the morphological indicators were compared among the clustered groups; this analysis demonstrated that such morphological responses are associated to the species adaptation for both survival and growth in saturated conditions. Two field experiments were also carried out aiming to test soil preparation that could favor seedling establishment and growth. An analysis of variance and Tukey test was carried out to test the effects of soil preparation on seedling height and diameter at soil height growth and survival. Additionally, we carried out a cluster analysis to separate species into groups containing functional characteristics that may favor restoration projects. We observed that soil preparation techniques, in small scale, had no influence on the establishment and development of seedlings typical of HSA and that the selection of species that are tolerant to hydrological saturation at different levels is the most important factor for restoration of these environments. Thus, restoration projects in wetlands should give special attention for the selection of species adapted to these conditions, which is more determinant for restoration success than soil preparation. Future studies should focus in identifying species functional groups that could be used to restore these areas.

Classificação de espécies arbóreas em função da tolerância ao alagamento e preparo de solo para restauração de florestas paludosas