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Identification of makers linked to resistance genes of melon controlling multiplication of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) Viruses cause major damage to cucurbits due to the severity of the symptoms and because there are no curative methods of control. Among the viruses that infect muskmelon, ZYMV is one of the most severe and frequent. PI414723 is the only source of resistance to this pathogen, being resistant to the pathotype 0. Resistance is conferred by a single dominant gene, Zym-1, but there are reports on the existence of at least two others (Zym-2 and Zym-3). To date, only Zym-1 was located on a linkage map but there is evidence that Zym-2 is linked to the microsatellite marker CMCT134b. The objective of this study was to identify markers linked to Zym-2 from linkage analysis between microsatellite loci and resistance to the virus in F2 populations derived from the cross PI414723 x ' Védrantais '. The inoculum was isolated from a commercial field and characterized as to its aggressiveness, pathotype and transmissibility by aphids. Plants were inoculated mechanically and resistance was evaluated by measuring the viral titer by PTAELISA. The distribution of viral titers was not normal and showed tendency for low values, indicating the presence of at least one dominant gene of large effect. The linkage of Zym-1 to CMAG36 was confirmed by linear regression. Plants homozygous for the ‘Vedrantais’ marker allele on this locus were genotyped with microsatellite markers linked to CMCT134b and the linkage of these with Zym-2 were tested by simple linear regression. The analyses indicated a significant association between viral titers and genotypes at the CMBR55 and CMGA172 marker loci. Regions of linkage groups II and X were constructed with five markers each in order to locate Zym-1 and Zym-2 by the Multiple Intervals Mapping approach (MIM). Linkage between Zym-1 and CMAG36 was confirmed at an estimated distance of 3.4 cM (LOD = 33.32 ), as expected, while Zym-2 was found linked to CMBR55 at an estimated distance of 3.9 cM (LOD = 17.45). Epistasis between Zym-1 and Zym-2 was found (LOD=12.73), indicating that the phenotype of plants homozygous for ‘Vedrantais’ marker allele in CMAG36 depended on their genotype in CMBR55. A second F2 population derived from the same cross was phenotyped for resistance to ZYMV and genotyped with the same markers in order to validate the results. The linkage of Zym-1 to CMAG36 was validated, but the same did not occur with Zym-2. This results probably from the fact that Zym-2 presented minor phenotypic effects which are harder to detect due to environmental variations. In addition, the use of few markers probably contributed to this result as well, since the number of markers influences the power to detect quantitative loci. Besides providing further evidences of the existence of a second resistance gene in PI414723, this study also detected epistatic effects between them. Notwithstanding, it is concluded that resistant cultivars can be developed from PI414723 solely based on the selection assisted with CMAG36.

Identificação de marcadores ligados a genes de resistência à multiplicação de Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) em meloeiro