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Genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and gene flow of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) in two forest fragments on at area around of the Iguassu National Park The yerba mate, Ilex paraguariensis, is a species dioecious, climax with wide natural range. Despite their economic and ecological importance are few studies of genetics and conservation of the specie. The overall objective this work was to study the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and gene flow by seed dispersal in two natural populations of I. paraguariensis around the National Park of Iguassu, using microsatellite molecular markers. It found low levels of genetic diversity at eight loci analyzed, and greater genetic divergence between populations than within population. The I. paraguariensis showed low population density with 0.27 to 0.29 trees per haand spatial clustered distribution, however was not observed evidence of spatial genetic structure. The average distance of pollen dispersal was 393 m and seed dispersal reached near 2,000 m. The results suggest that the genetic basis of species is not large, which may carry the I. paraguariensis to critical state of conservation due to genetic erosion caused by the destruction of their natural environments.

Diversidade genética, estrutura genética espacial e fluxo gênico da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) em dois fragmentos florestais na área de entorno do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu