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Importance of in situ conservation of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. in cerrado fragments of rural private properties The tree species Copaifera langsdorffii was used as a model for maintaining the population structure, genetic diversity and gene flow between Protected Areas (PAs) and Rural Private Properties (RPPs) in the cerrado of São Paulo State. For this purpose, eight nuclear microsatellite loci specific of C. langsdorffii were used, and altogether 400 individuals were mapped, measured and genotyped with DHB ≥ 5 cm in four areas in the municipalities of Assis, Itirapina and Brotas. In Assis, 100 individuals were sampled at the Assis Ecological Station (AES) and 100 individuals in a RPP 13 km away from the EEA. In Itirapina 100 individuals were collected at the Itirapina Ecological Station (IES) and 100 individuals in a RPP in Brotas 24 km away from the IES. The populations in RPPs and PAs showed high genetic diversity. However the RPPs had a greater number of exclusive alleles than the PAs, indicating that the populations of RPPs are in urgent need of management plans to conserve such alleles, which can confer to the populations of cerrado adaptive advantages. All populations showed weak spatial genetic structure, but significant around 20 m away, indicating a restricted dispersal of seeds. It was observed in the populations analyzed a high fixation rate which is probably due to the overlapping of generations. The estimated effective size of populations suggests that both PAs and RPPs have minimum viable area for in situ conservation of their populations. The genetic divergence among populations was high according to estimator ' ST G and the apparent gene flow between PAs and RPPs was low, insufficient to counteract the effects of genetic drift. The high percentage of rare alleles found in populations probably demonstrates the compromising condition of the populations with loss of genetic diversity through genetic drift. The conservation of cerrado fragments in rural private properties is essential to ensure the evolutionary potential of species in the long term. C. langsdorffii proved to be an efficient species for comparative studies in cerrado areas, probably due to its wide coverage and high population density.

Importância da conservação in situ de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. em remanescentes de cerrado de propriedades particulares rurais