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Identification, growth and management of biotypes of the horseweed species Conyza canadensis and Conyza bonariensis resistant to the herbicide glyphosate The selection of weed biotypes resistant to glyphosate in Brazil has been increasing each year, as a consequence of the over reliance of the main cropping systems to this herbicide. This phenomenon is observed in citrus production systems, where glyphosate is the main herbicide used for weed control for several years. The infestation of the weed known as horseweed is composed by the mixture of two species, Conyza canadensis and Conyza bonariensis, that present annual or biannual life cycle, and adaptation to agroecossystems with low mechanical disturbance in the soil, being in the citrus production systems highly prolific. The suspicion of glyphosate resistant biotypes of horseweed motivated the development of this research with the objective of detecting the existence of resistant biotypes, identifying the main characteristics of growth and development and studying alternatives of control of these resistant biotypes. By using dose-response curves it was possible to verify that the level of resistance (GR50 of the resistant biotype (R) divided by the GR50 of the susceptible biotype (S)) is between 6,15 and 10,79 for the biotypes of the species Conyza canadensis and between 1,52 and 14,75 for the biotypes of the species Conyza bonariensis. With regard to the best control herbicide alternatives of control, comparing horseweed plants at different phonological stages, it was observed that the control level (%) in plants at 10 leaves of development were of 88.0, 81.5 and 76.6% respectively for the treatments with glyphosate + bromacil + diuron (1,440 + 1,200 + 1,200 g ha), glyphosate + atrazina (1,440 + 1,500 g ha) e glyphosate + diuron (1,440 + 1,500 g ha), considered as the most effective treatments; for the plants at reproductive stage, the best alternatives of control were the treatments with ammonium glufosinate. The growth based on shoot and root dry biomass and leaf area of the resistant biotypes of both species compared to the susceptible biotype of the respective species were lower than of the resistant plants, but the resistant plants have higher seed production potential, The humidity was the main factor to interfere the germination on Matão-SP. Therefore, it is possible do conclude from this research that the biotypes studied are resistant to glyphosate, and they have the same competitiveness compared to the susceptible ones; the efficacy of the alternative herbicides for management of the resistant biotypes of horseweed to glyphosate depends on the development stage of the weed.

Detecção, crescimento e manejo químico alternativo de biótipos das espécies de Buva Conyza canadensis e C. bonariensis resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate