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The use of a slow release urea for cows fed corn silage, or elephant-grass pastures managed with fixed or variable grazing intervals Two studies were conducted with lactating dairy cows at the Animal Sciences Department of the School of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, to evaluate the use of a slow release urea source (Optigen) and fixed or variable grazing intervals on Pennisetum purpureum pastures. The objective of Experiment 1 was to evaluate the partial replacement of cotton seed meal (CSM) by urea or by a slow release urea (Optigen) on the performance of dairy cows fed corn silage. Thirty two mid lactating cows, averaging 20.8 kg of milk day and 524 kg of BW at the beginning of the experimental period were used to compare the 3 treatments. The control treatment (C) contained cotton seed meal (CSM) as protein source, the U30 treatment had 30% of the CSM crude protein replaced by urea, the O30 treatment, had 30% of the CSM crude protein replaced by slow release urea and the O60 treatment, had 60 % of the CSM crude protein replaced by slow release urea. A 4x4 Latin Square design was used and the variables were analyzed using the PROC MIXED (SAS). Replacing 30% of CSM crude protein by urea (U30) or slow release urea (O30) had no effect (P>0.05) on milk yield (20.2, 19.5, and 19.8 kg day respectively). However, replacing 60% of CSM crude protein by slow release urea (O60) (19.0 kg day) reduced milk yield compared to C and O30 (P<0.05) and U30 (P<0.06). Milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose, and milk total solids contents, and milk somatic cells counting were not different (P>0.05) among the treatments. The milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was lower (P<0.05) for the U30 treatment (7,2 mg dL) compared to the other treatments (9.3 mg dL (O30); 9.1 mg dL (C), and 8.9 mg dL (O60)). On Experiment 2, were used 32 midlactating cows averaging 15 kg of milk day -1 and 466 kg of BW at the beginning of the trial. Experimental area contained 56 paddocks of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon, averaging 0.1ha each. Treatments were 2 grazing interval (fixed grazing intervals of 27 days or variable grazing intervals based on the dossel height of 1 m), and two protein supplement (CSM x slow release urea). A randomized block design was used and the variables were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS). There were no effects (P>0.05) for N source on the evaluated parameters. There were differences (P<0.05) between the fixed and variable grazing intervals (GI). Pre-grazing dossel height (1.03 x 1.2 m), post-grazing stubble height (0.41 e 0.47 meters), pre-grazing (6209 and 6642 kg DM ha) and post-grazing forage mass (3277 and 3666 kg DM ha) were lower (P<0.05) for variable GI compared to 27 days fixed GI. Volumetric density (55.04 and 60.06 kg DM ha cm) was higher for variable GI (P<0.05). Cows grazing pastures managed with variable GI produced more milk (P<0.06) (12.32 and 10.8 kg milk day ) than cows grazing pastures managed with fixed GI. Milk components and cow average daily gain were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05).

Uso de uréia de liberação lenta para vacas alimentadas com silagem de milho ou pastagens de capim Elefante manejadas com intervalos fixos ou variáveis de desfolhas