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Arbuscular mycorrhizal formation and transcriptome analyses of sugarcane roots colonized by Glomus clarum in the presence of herbicides The arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are symbiotic root-fungus associations that play a key role in natural and agricultural ecosystems, through the enhancement of nutrients absorption in the soil and its transference into the plants. The AM may promote the growth of many plants, among them are the sugarcane. Even thought the herbicide utilized in the agriculture system may contribute to soil microbial community alteration and the symbioses development, limited is know about the herbicide effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and on AM formation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the Ametrine and Imazapic effects in the spores germination of Glomus clarum and AM development in sugarcane, as well transcriptome alterations of sugarcane roots colonized with G. clarum and growing in soil treat with Imazapic. It was not detected significant effect on the spores germination and intraradical colonization in the evaluated doses of Ametrine. Whereas, the enhance of Imazapic concentration promoted a decrease in the spores germination and increase of intraradical colonization. Although the higher intraradical colonization has been observed in the plants treat with Imazapic, the presence of the fungi seems not alleviated the damage effect promoted by the use of the herbicide, in these studies conditions. By macro array cDNA hybridizations, it was possible to detect several genes with differential expression statistically significant in AM plants, and plants not inoculated growing in soil treated with herbicide. Among the proteins codified by genes with induced expression in AM roots, compared to the control no-inoculated, are: a putative ionotropic glutamate receptor, a metallothionein-like protein, a ATP synthase and many others with unknown function. Whereas, among the proteins codified by genes with suppressed expression are: Wali7 protein, a ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism, a tubulin alpha-1 chain and a remorin. In the no-inoculated roots growing in the soil treat with Imazapic the proteins codified by genes with induced expression are: a putative ionotropic glutamate receptor and a lipase-like; and the reverse transcriptase like protein was suppressed. The Imazapic treatment alter several gene expression modulated by AM, among the proteins codified by those genes are: a ATP synthase, a ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism, polyubiquitin, a tubulin alpha-1 chain, a signal transduction histidine kinase and many others with unknown function. The results indicate the AM formation alter the sugarcane roots genetic program and that the Imazapic herbicide alter the gene expression related to symbioses between sugarcane with G. clarum.

Formação de micorriza arbuscular e análise do transcritoma de raízes de cana-de-açúcar colonizadas por Glomus clarum na presença de herbicidas