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The use of SWAT-SIG interface in the study of sediment production and runoff volume with simulation of alternative sceneries The present work had as objectives to apply the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in the simulation of sediment production and runoff volume in the Ribeirão do Marins watershed, located in Piracicaba, SP, and to simulate alternative sceneries of soil use to exemplify the model and to study the possibilities of soil covering. To feed the model, it is necessary specialized data, which were manipulated with the aid of GIS’s (Geographical Information System). The SWAT-GIS interface extracts the data to characterize each sub-basin with Information Plans (IP's): Digital Elevation Model (DEM’s), soil and soil use, and from the model database. The results were compared to the data observed at the gauge station located in the watershed, and submitted to statistical analysis for validation of the simulation efficiency. The generated alternative sceneries were divided in two groups. In the first one, six sceneries were created in conformity with the soil type found in the watershed: litholic and podzolic. This criterion was adopted with the objective of observing the sediment production and the runoff volume in each soil type combined with the three soil usages found in the watershed with the purpose of observing each soil response, and the prospect to indicate a better soil/management combination. In the second one, seven sceneries of soil exploitation were generated in conformity with the susceptibility of the soil to erosion. This group was created with the objective to evaluate the behavior of sediment production and runoff volume in the areas most susceptible to erosion. The simulations of the alternative sceneries were compared with the results found in the current scenery. The use of the interface SWAT-SIG allowed to evaluate the simulated data in relation to the data collected in the gauge station, the obtained results were satisfactory, because the simulated data accompanied the observed data. Also allowed, to generate alternative sceneries to verify the effects of the covering of the soil in the production of sediments and in the volume of superficial drainage in the watershed. Comparing the simulations of the alternative sceneries, it was possible to observe that where sugarcane cultivation prevailed as major soil use, sediment production and runoff volume increased considerably in relation to the current scenery. However, when the native vegetation prevailed, there was a decrease in these factors. Based on the simulations of sceneries, it is possible to conclude that WRM is very susceptible to erosive processes. These results emphasized the need to recognize in watershed the sensitive areas to erosive processes, where it is necessary erosion control practices or changes in soil covering besides protecting bodies of water through the implantation of riparian forest. It is also possible to conclude that in the context of this work, model shows no sensibility to recognize small areas within larger ones.

A utilização da interface SWAT-SIG no estudo da produção de sedimentos e do volume de escoamento superficial com simulação de cenários alternativos