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FEITOSA, W. B. Bovine spermatozoa as transgene vector: exogenous DNA interaction and sperm viability. [Espermatozóide bovino como vetor de transgene: interação do DNA exógeno e viabilidade espermática] 2006. 138 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2006. Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) has been used for transgenic animal production because it is a theoretically simple and low cost method. However, results are various and without repetibility. In order to optimize SMGT it is necessary to determine the time, amount and sequence of exogenous DNA for incubation with spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of these three parameters on SMGT. To assess the effect of exogenous DNA addition on sperm viability after 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours of incubation, fluorescent probes Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide, JC-1 and FITC-PSA were used. To evaluate effects of incubation time (60, 90 and 120 minutes) on apoptosis and necrosis rates, spermatozoa were stained with fluorescent probes Yo-pro and propidium iodide and analyzed by flow cytometry; transfection rates were evaluated by real-time PCR. To assess the effect of exogenous DNA amount and sequence, different sized and structured sequences were made. Different sized sequences of 2.2, 5.5 and 8.5kb were used, with concentration of 500ng or 130ng of 2.2 sequence, 500 or 323ng of 5.5 sequence and 500ng of 8.5 sequence. Different structured sequences were rich in AT, GC or intermediate (IN). The effect of different size, structure and concentration on spermatozoa apoptosis induction were analyzed by flow cytometer and transfection rates by real-time PCR. Results show that no effects occurred on spermatozoa viability after exogenous DNA addition. However, time effect occurred: higher spermatozoa viability was observed after 1 hour of incubation (35.7%). Incubation time had no effect on apoptosis induction; otherwise, transfection rates presented higher amounts of exogenous DNA associated to spermatozoa after 2 hours of incubation. Amount, size and structure of DNA did not influence apoptosis and necrosis rates and DNA amount had no effect on transfection rates. However, size and structure effect were observed: 5.5kb sequence presented better transfection results using 500ng or 323ng. ATrich sequence also presented better transfection rates than GC-rich and IN sequences. In conclusion, incubation time reduced spermatozoa viability, although enhanced the transfection levels. Spermatozoa transfection was not influenced by DNA sequence amount, but was influenced by the size and structure of the sequence. Apoptosis and necrosis of sperm cells were not influenced by amount, size and structure of exogenous DNA. Key-words: Spermatozoa, Gene transfer, Exogenous DNA, Animal transgenesis.