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Oral candidiasis is one of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patient and it is caused by  Candida  species. The low absolute CD4+T-lymphocyte count has traditionally been cited as the greatest risk factor for the development of Oral Candidiasis. The aim of this study was to identify  Candida  species isolated from the oral cavity of HIV/AIDS patients, to determine their in vitro antifungal susceptibility and to investigate the possible risk factors associated with oral candidiasis.    Methods  This was a hospital based cross sectional study that was carried out for a period of 3 months amongst HIV/AIDS patients in Kumba District Hospital, whether on HAART or not. Mouth swabs were collected from 378 participants using sterile cotton wool swabs and 5ml venous blood were collected for determination of CD4 cell.  Candida  species were isolated and identified. Antifungal sensitivity testing was performed using modified kirby-bauer susceptibility testing technique.    Results   Candida  species were present in 42.86% of the samples and  Candida albicans  was the most prevalent (60.2%) amongst the six  Candida  isolates identified, followed by  Candida glabrata  (16.9%),  Candida krusei  (12.3%),  Candida tropicalis  (6.4%),  Candida parapsilosis  (2.3%) and  Candida pseudotropicalis  (1.8%). Pregnancy, oral hygiene and antibiotic usage were significantly associated with oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients (P<0.05). Oral candidiasis was mostly frequent in HIV/AIDS patients between 21-40 years. A CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/μl was a significant risk factor for acquiring oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients (P<0.001). Nystatin was the most sensitive drug (83.6%) meanwhile ketonazole was the most resistant drug (29.2%), followed by fluconazole (24.6%) to all oral  Candida  isolates.    Conclusion  Oral  Candida  colonization occurs more frequently in HIV/AIDS patients and the is a need for the government to implement regular checks for opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients, including oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients to monitor disease progression and prevent subsequent complications such as candidemia and diarrhea.

the pan african medical journal

The prevalence, risk factors and antifungal sensitivity pattern of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in Kumba District Hospital, South West Region, Cameroon