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Tat and Nef are very important regulatory proteins of HIV-1. They enhance viral replication and down-regulate expression of MHC Class I molecules, respectively. The antigens are now considered to be targets for HIV vaccine development. The expression of Tat and Nef in  Salmonella  vaccines has not previously been investigated. In this study, HIV-1 Subtype C tat and nef genes were cloned into an expression plasmid and their expression investigated in  Salmonella . Very high-level expression of the two HIV-1 antigens was demonstrated in the recombinant  Salmonella . The antigens were also successfully purified in bulk from the bacterium. Salmonella  can therefore potentially be used to overexpress HIV-1 antigens and used as a possible delivery system in HIV-1 vaccine development.

Overexpression of recombinant HIV-1 Subtype C Tat and Nef in a Salmonella vaccine vector