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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of home-based management of malaria (HBM) strategy on time to treatment and reported presumed malaria morbidity in children aged less than 5 years in Rwanda.    Methods  The study was carried out in two malaria-endemic rural districts, one where HBM was applied and the other serving as control. In each district, a sample of mothers was surveyed by questionnaire before (2004) and after (2007) implementation of HBM.    Results  After implementation, we observed: i) an increase (P < 0.001) in the number of febrile children treated within 24 hours of symptom onset in the experimental district (53.7% in 2007 vs 5% in 2004) compared with the control district (28% vs 7.7%); ii) a decrease in the reported number of febrile children in the experimental district (28.7% vs 44.9%, P < 0.01) compared with the control district (45.7% vs 56.5%, P < 0.05).    Conclusion  HBM contributed to decrease time to treatment and reported presumed malaria morbidity.

Impact of Home-Based Management of malaria combined with other community-based interventions: what do we learn from Rwanda?