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Quinine is one of the major alkaloids in Cinchona spp . , and it is used both as a medication and as a drink additive. The plant produces most of its alkaloids in the bark after 6–8 years of age . R epeated harvests can be performed until the plant dies , but only after every 3–5 years. We tested an improved method for culturing cell suspension s of Cinchona ledgeriana t o investigate the possibility of increasing production of quinine. The clone QRC 315 was treated with either a growth retardant ( abscisic acid or paclobutrazol ) or precursor feeding of L-tryptophan. To generate stress, we applied m annitol at 5 . 3 g/L combined with sucrose at a lower concentration (20 g/L) , and we used sucrose at 30 g/L as the control. Paclobutrazol ( 7 mg/L ) significantly suppressed cell growth and produced the highest level of quinine (11%) after 7 weeks of culture. L-tryptophan also reduced cell growth , but without any positive effect in the production of quinoline. The highest amount of quinine per culture flask, however, resulted in cells treated with 3 mg/L abscisic acid. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-priority:99;  mso-style-parent:"";  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin-top:0cm;  mso-para-margin-right:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;  mso-para-margin-left:0cm;  line-height:115%;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:11.0pt;  font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";  mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;  mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;  mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

ENHANCED PRODUCTION LEVEL OF QUININE IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF CINCHONA LEDGERIANA MOENS BY PACLOBUTRAZOL