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Activating RAS mutations occur in more than a half of colorectal cancers (CRCs). RAS-mutated CRCs are notoriously difficult to treat given that they are characterized by the aggressive disease course and the lack of appropriate targeted therapies. Recent preclinical studies demonstrated that RAS-mutated cells escape from therapeutic MEK inhibition by the development of autophagy, and this escape may be prevented by the administration of an antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine. The available clinical data are limited to a single case observation involving a patient with KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer. Here, we report a woman with KRAS G12D-mutated CRC, whose tumor did not respond to conventional therapy. The combination of binimetinib, hydroxychloroquine, and bevacizumab was administered as a last-hope option. The patient experienced rapid improvement of the performance status. The tumor lumps demonstrated 17% reduction in the size within the first 6 weeks of the therapy. This report calls for evaluation of the efficacy of a combination of MEK inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine, possibly with the addition of bevacizumab, in chemotherapy-resistant patients with RAS-mutated cancers.

case reports in oncology

Rapid Improvement of the Performance Status and Reduction of the Tumor Size in KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer Patient Receiving Binimetinib, Hydroxychloroquine, and Bevacizumab