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Objectives:   The present study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization of  Streptococcus agalactiae  (group B streptococcus; GBS) strains isolated from newborns with invasive neonatal infections and healthy newborns in Poland.   Materials and Methods:   Forty-two GBS isolates were characterized by combining different typing methods, i.e. multilocus sequence typing (MLST), molecular serotyping and protein gene profiling.   Results:   Using MLST, a total of 16 sequence types (STs) were identified, and among these, 11 were clustered into the following 5 clonal complexes (CCs): CC23 (20; 49%), CC19 (7; 17%), CC17 (4; 10%), CC10 (4; 10%) and CC1 (1; 2%). A statistically significant relationship between ST-17 and invasive isolates (p = 0.0398) and ST-23 and colonizing strains (p = 0.0034) was detected. Moreover, 2 novel STs were detected (ST-637 and ST-638). Molecular serotyping showed that in the invasive isolates serotype III was predominant (11; 50%), followed by serotypes II (6; 27%), V (3; 14%) and Ia (2; 9%). In healthy newborns, serotype III was also dominant (12; 60%), followed by serotypes Ia (4; 20%), II (2; 10%), V (1; 5%) and Ib (1; 5%). Protein gene profiling indicated that the  rib  gene was predominant in the invasive strains (11; 59%), followed by  bca  (5; 22%),  alp2  (2; 9%),  alp3  (1; 5%) and  epsilon  (1; 5%), while in colonizing strains the  alp2  gene was most common (10; 50%), followed by  epsilon  (5; 25%),  rib  (2; 10%),  bca  (2; 10%) and  alp3  (1; 5%). A statistically significant relationship was noted between the  rib  gene and invasive GBS (p = 0.0329), whereas  alp2  was related to the colonizing strains (p = 0.0495).   Conclusions:   The investigated GBS isolates originating from infections in newborns and healthy neonates represented serotype III in more than half of the cases and differed from one another in terms of resistance to macrolides, ST type affiliation and the presence of genes encoding surface proteins from the Alp family. Further comparative genetic research on a larger number of strains is necessary for epidemiological investigation and vaccine development.

Multilocus Sequence Types of Invasive and Colonizing Neonatal Group B Streptococci in Poland