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This study investigates how prosodic strengthening is kinematically manifested in V-to-V lingual movement in English CV#CV context (where # is a prosodic boundary). Results showed that both boundary and accent gave rise to a kind of prosodic strengthening (showing spatial and temporal expansion), but exact kinematic patterns of prosodic strengthening were different as a function of the type of gesture (tongue lowering versus raising) associated with different vowels (/i/to-/É‘/ vs. /É‘/-to-/i/) and the source of prosodic strengthening (boundary versus accentuation). This implies that speakers must know about prosodic structure and differentiate the two sources of prosodic strengthening in a systematic finegrained fashion. From a theoretical point of view regarding a mass-spring gestural model, results suggested that kinematic patterns of prosodic strengthening could not be fully accounted for by any particular dynamical parameter, presenting a complex nature of prosodic strengthening. The results also implied that the theory of the π-gesture (the prosodic boundary gesture) under the rubric of the massspring gestural model needs to be refined in terms of how the theory defines the exact scope of the π-gesture’s influence in the temporal dimension and how it differentiates boundary-induced articulation from an accent-induced one.

Prosodic Strengthening in Transboundary V-to-V Lingual Movement in American English