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By using LNCaP and its derivative cell lines, we first observed an association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) resistance and hormone independence. Moreover, we found that the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) was reduced in androgen deprivation-independent cells compared with that in androgen deprivation-dependent cells. TRADD is a crucial transducer for TNF-alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Knocking down TRADD expression in LNCaP cells impaired TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and androgen receptor repression, whereas overexpression of TRADD in C4-2B cells restored their sensitivity to TNF-alpha. Finally, we found that androgen deprivation reduces TRADD expression in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that androgen deprivation therapy may promote the development of TNF-alpha resistance by reducing TRADD expression during prostate cancer progression.

Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Death Domain Expression Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression