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Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product of KISS1 gene, has been reported previously to be a key hormone for puberty and an inhibitor for tumor metastasis via the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 54. However, whether Kp-10 inhibits angiogenesis, which is critical for tumor growth and metastasis and other human diseases, is still unknown. Here we show that Kp-10 significantly inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration, invasion, and tube formation, key processes in angiogenesis. Using chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced mouse corneal micropocket assay, we show that Kp-10 inhibits angiogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, Kp-10 inhibits tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient mice xenografted with human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) through inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, whereas Kp-10 has little effect on the proliferation of HUVECs and human prostate cancer cells. In deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms, we show that Kp-10 suppresses VEGF expression by inhibiting the binding of specificity protein 1 to VEGF promoter and by blocking the activation of c-Src/focal adhesion kinase and Rac/Cdc42 signaling pathways in HUVECs, leading to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.

Kisspeptin-10, a KISS1-Derived Decapeptide, Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis by Suppressing Sp1-Mediated VEGF Expression and FAK/Rho GTPase Activation