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Resume L’IFORD a mene en mars 2000 et juillet 2009 a Mbalmayo une enquete par sondage aleatoire sur la sexualite auxquels les adolescents et jeunes ont participe. Les tableaux croises et les tests de chi-deux ont ete utilises pour evaluer la prevalence de la non-utilisation des condoms, la methode de decomposition pour estimer l’effet de composition et celui de comportement dans le changement observe entre les deux periodes et les modeles statistiques multivaries de regression logistique pour evaluer les effets nets des facteurs sociaux et individuels sur la variable etudiee. En 2000, les garcons sont 66,2 % a ne pas utiliser les condoms et les filles 82,5 % et respectivement 31,6 % et 50,4 % en 2009. Les resultats des analyses par decomposition indiquent que l’effet de comportement explique plus que celui de composition cette baisse de la proportion de la non-utilisation des condoms. Ceux des analyses multivariees de regression logistique revelent, a l’initiation sexuelle et dans les autres situations, que les interactions entre les adolescents et jeunes et leurs milieux familial et extra-familial, leur exposition aux messages televisuels ou virtuels et leurs motivations individuelles influencent leurs pratiques preventives mais ces dernieres jouent un role plus important chez les garcons que chez les filles. En conclusion, ces pratiques se sont ameliorees dans le milieu etudie mais cette tendance se poursuivrait et se renforcerait si les actions futures de prevention du VIH/SIDA sont a la fois individualisees et collectives. Mots cles: Jeunes, IST/VIH/SIDA, Prevention, Facteurs, Cameroun, Afrique Sub-saharienne Abstract [Risk factors of the non-use of condoms among young people in Mbalmayo, Cameroon] The IFORD carried out in March 2000 and in July 2009 at Mbalmayo a random sample survey on sexuality to which young people participated. Cross tabulations and chi-square tests were used to assess the prevalence of the non-use of condoms, the decomposition technique to assess the effect of the population composition and that of the behaviour in the change observed between the two periods and multivariate statistical models of logistic regression to assess the net effects of social and individual factors on the studied variable. In 2000, the proportion of boys who did not use condoms and that of girls were respectively 64.8% and 80% and respectively 30.9 % and 50 % in 2009. The results from the decomposition technique show that the rate effects more explain the decline of the proportion of the non-use of condoms than the compositional change. Those from the multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal, at the sexual initiation and other situations, that the interactions between young people and their family and extra-family environments, their exposure to television and virtual messages and their individual motivations influence their preventive practices, but the last play a larger role among boys than girls. In conclusion, these practices have been improved in the studied milieu but this tendency would continue and be reinforced if future actions of HIV/AIDS prevention are both individualized and collective. Keywords : Young people; STI/HIV/AIDS; Prevention; Factors; Cameroon; sub-Saharan Africa

Facteurs de risque de non-utilisation des condomsparmi les adolescents et jeunes de Mbalmayo auCameroun