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A study demonstrating how ultrafast laser radiation stimulates osteoblasts is presented. The study employed a custom made optical system that allowed for simultaneous confocal cell imaging and targeted femtosecond pulse laser irradiation. When femtosecond laser light was focused onto a single cell, a rise in intracellular Ca 2+  levels was observed followed by contraction of the targeted cell. This contraction  caused deformation of neighbouring cells leading to a heterogeneous strain field throughout the  monolayer. Quantification of the strain fields in the monolayer using digital image correlation revealed local  strains much higher than threshold values typically reported to stimulate extracellular bone matrix production in vitro. This use of point targeting with femtosecond pulse lasers could provide a new method for stimulating cell  activity in orthopaedic tissue engineering.

Mechanical Strains Induced in Osteoblasts by Use of Point Femtosecond Laser Targeting