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Background. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation under the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) framework has been shown to be helpful in patients with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that syndrome types could predict the risk of type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) caused by imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand in critically ill patients with pulmonary disease. Methods. This retrospective study included consecutive critically ill patients with pulmonary disease admitted to the ICU at Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences from January 1, 2017, to July 1, 2019. Diagnosis of T2MI was based on the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction. Risk factors associated with T2MI were identified using multivariate regression analysis. Results. A total of 244 patients were included in the study: 78 who developed T2MI and the remaining 166 who did not develop T2MI during hospitalization. The incidence of phlegm syndrome and deficiency syndrome was 61.9% and 38.1%, respectively. In comparison with the patients with phlegm syndrome, the incidence of T2MI in patients with deficiency syndrome is significantly higher (40.9% vs. 26.5%,  P = 0.019 ). In multivariate logistic regression, T2MI was independently associated with the baseline troponin level (OR 12.682, 95% CI 1.397∼115.121;  P = 0.024 ), hemoglobin &lt; 55 g/L (OR 12.76, 95% CI 2.359∼69.021;  P = 0.003 ), mechanical ventilation (OR 2.244, 95% CI 1.029∼4.892;  P = 0.042 ), and TCM deficiency syndrome (OR 2.214, 95% CI 1.032∼4.749;  P = 0.041 ). After adjusting for confounding factors in Cox regression models, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of qi deficiency syndrome groups was 1.183 (95% CI 1.053∼3.123,  P = 0.032 ). Conclusions. Patients with deficiency syndrome are at high risk of T2MI, especially those combined with qi deficiency syndrome.

Correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Type 2 Myocardial Infarction in Critically Ill Patients with Pulmonary Disease