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Managed lanes, such as a dedicated lane for connected and automated vehicles(CAVs), can provide not only technological accommodation but also desiredmarket incentives for road users to adopt CAVs in the near future. In thispaper, we investigate traffic flow characteristics with two configurations ofthe managed lane across different market penetration rates and quantify thebenefits from the perspectives of lane-level headway distribution, fuelconsumption, communication density, and overall network performance. Theresults highlight the benefits of implementing managed lane strategies forCAVs: 1) a dedicated CAV lane significantly extends the stable region of thespeed-flow diagram and yields a greater road capacity. As the result shows, thehighest flow rate is 3,400 vehicles per hour per lane at 90% market penetrationrate with one CAV lane; 2) the concentration of CAVs in one lane results in anarrower headway distribution (with smaller standard deviation) even withpartial market penetration; 3) a dedicated CAV lane is also able to eliminateduel-bell-shape distribution that is caused by the heterogeneous traffic flow;and 4) a dedicated CAV lane creates a more consistent CAV density, whichfacilitates communication activity and decreases the probability of packetdropping.

Traffic Flow Characteristics and Lane Use Strategies for Connected and Automated Vehicle in Mixed Traffic Conditions