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This study aimed at screening rhizobial isolates of chickpea and evaluating their symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency and tolerance to abiotic stresses. A total of 107 (100%) isolates were collected of which 52 (48.6%) were confirmed as chickpea rhizobia using preliminary tests. Among 52 (48.6%) isolates, 46 (88.5%) have induced nodulation on chickpea under greenhouse and were screened under in vitro conditions and 6 (11.5%) of them were discarded due to fail to nodulate. The greenhouse data showed the highest nodule number (68.67 plant−1), nodule dry weight (0.17 g plant−1), and shoot dry weight (0.81 g plant−1) were scored by plants inoculated with isolates WUCR 17, WUCR 1, and WUCR 66, respectively. Among authenticated isolates, 73.9%, 21.7%, and 4.3% were highly effective, effective, and lowly effective, respectively. The physiological test showed 15% of isolates tolerated 13% salt concentration and 10.9% of isolates grew at pH 4–10 range. All isolates grew at 20–35°C and 13% grew at maximum temperature (50°C). The isolates showed better resistance to the tested antibiotics at low concentration (2.5 μg/ml) but the majorities were sensitive at high concentration (10 μg/ml). Among the isolates, 13% tolerated all tested heavy metals but 48% were sensitive to mercury. Regarding the carbohydrate utilization test, 52.2% catabolized all the tested 11 carbon sources but 6.5% of them utilized only 63.6% carbon sources. Amino acid utilization showed isolates (85%) utilized D-alanine except WUCR (14, 25, 31, 34, 39, 59, and 76) and 76% of the isolates utilized arginine and phenylalanine and 74% utilized leucine as a nitrogen source. Of the isolates, 43.5% of them utilized both D-alanine and arginine as a nitrogen source. In almost all tests conducted, isolates WUCR 1 and 5 performed top and were recommended as potential candidates for microbial inoculants.

Isolation and Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Nodulating Rhizobia Collected from South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia