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Background   The effects of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their related messenger RNAs (mRNAs) remain unknown in children with acquired aplastic anemia (AA). The aim of this study is to screen key lncRNAs and mRNAs and investigate their potential roles in the pathology of acquired AA in children.Methods   RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between blood samples of acquired AA children and healthy controls.  cis -regulation,  trans -regulation, competing endogenous (Ce) regulation networks of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were constructed. A literature search was performed to identify immune- or hematopoietic-related DElncRNA-DEmRNA pairs, and qPCR was conducted to validate the expression of the immune- or hematopoietic-related DElncRNA and DEmRNA.Results   60 DElncRNAs and 364 DEmRNAs were identified. 13 DElncRNAs were predicted to have 15  cis -regulated target DEmRNAs, 16 DElncRNAs might have 28  trans -regulated DEmRNAs, and 2 DElncRNAs might have 9 Ce-regulated DEmRNAs. After literature screen and qPCR validation, 6 immune- or hematopoietic-related DElncRNA-DEmRNA pairs in the networks above were identified as key RNAs in the pathology of acquired AA.Conclusion   This study revealed key lncRNAs in children with acquired AA and proposed their potential functions by predicting their target mRNAs, which lay the foundation for future study of potential effects of lncRNAs in children with acquired AA.

Identification of Differentially Expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in Children with Acquired Aplastic Anemia by RNA Sequencing