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In many tunnels in China, the groundwater is acidic and carbonated, causing in challenges in the prevention and control of leakages of the existing tunnels and tunnels under construction. Research on tunnel leakage and the physical and chemical effects of water due to water-rock interactions is a trending topic. In addition, there is a big difference between the waterproof and drainage of multiarch tunnels and separate tunnels. In this study, the mechanism of the interaction between the groundwater and the surrounding rock of a multiarch tunnel were analyzed. The relationship between the leakage of a multiarch tunnel and the interaction between the surrounding rocks and groundwater was determined by analyzing the interaction between the chemical components in the groundwater, rocks, and the concrete lining. A mathematical model was established based on the physical and chemical reactions in the rock surrounding the tunnel, and the RNCDX.FOR program was compiled using the simplex Monte Carlo method. The total free energy in the entire system varied significantly, and the value of objective function (J) reflected the trend of the system's spontaneous reaction. As J decreased, the reaction power of the system increased. The more significant the erosion of the rocks was by the groundwater, the more channels were created by the groundwater in the rock, and the more likely the water leakage was.

The Influence of Physical and Chemical Reactions on Water Leakage in a Multiarch Tunnel