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Maitake ( Grifola frondosa ) mushroom has received an enormous amount of attention as a dietary supplement due to its high nutritional values. The particle sizes of  G. frondosa  mushrooms were monitored by a classifying mill.  β -Glucans are the bioactive component of the mushroom, and it was revealed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H and  13 C-NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, and time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry. The biocompatibility of  G. frondosa  particles, as well as induced osteogenesis of hMSCs, was evaluated through WST-1 assay and alizarin staining (ARS) technique, respectively. Notably, enhanced cell viability was noted in the presence of  G. frondosa . Significantly improved calcium deposition has observed from hMSCs with  G. frondosa,  suggesting to their mineralization potential. The expression of osteogenic related gene markers was examined in the presence of  G. frondosa  through real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. The upregulation of osteogenic gene markers in the presence of  G. frondosa  particles was indicating their superior osteogenic potential. Besides,  G. frondosa  also activated the secretion of various kinds of proteins from the hMSCs indicating their potential for tissue engineering applications. Enhanced secretion of different immunoglobulins was observed in rat serum in the presence of  G. frondosa , further demonstrating their therapeutic nature. Therefore,  G. frondosa  is effective for enhanced osteogenesis and can be utilized as a natural, edible, and osteogenic agent.

biomed research international

Influence of Maitake (<i>Grifola frondosa</i>) Particle Sizes on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and <i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Potential

Influence of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) Particle Sizes on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and In Vivo Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Potential