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The role of mitochondria in apoptosis is well known; however, the mechanisms linking mitochondria to the proapoptotic effects of proinflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia, and glucolipotoxicity are not completely understood. Complex Ca 2+  signaling has emerged as a critical contributor to these proapoptotic effects and has gained significant attention in regulating the signaling processes of mitochondria. In pancreatic  β -cells, Ca 2+  plays an active role in  β -cell function and survival. Prohibitin (PHB), a mitochondrial chaperone, is actively involved in maintaining the architecture of mitochondria. However, its possible interaction with Ca 2+ -activated signaling pathways has not been explored. The present review aims to examine potential crosstalk between Ca 2+  signaling and PHB function in pancreatic  β -cells. Moreover, this review will focus on the effects of cytokines and glucolipotoxicity on Ca 2+  signaling and its possible interaction with PHB. Improved understanding of this important mitochondrial protein may aid in the design of more targeted drugs to identify specific pathways involved with stress-induced dysfunction in the  β -cell.

A Putative Prohibitin-Calcium Nexus in β-Cell Mitochondria and Diabetes