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Purpose   To investigate the recurrence rate of  Helicobacter pylori  infection after eradication in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China, and to analyze the related causes.Methods   Outpatients who were eradicated of  H. pylori  infection with standard therapy between August 2014 and August 2017 were included in this study. The recurrence rate was investigated 1 year later. Data regarding gender, smoking, alcohol intake, frequency of eating out, and treatment strategy were recorded, and their relationships with the recurrence rate were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for  H. pylori  infection recurrence.Results   In total, 400 patients (225 males and 175 females) were included in this study. Of them, the recurrence rate of  H. pylori  infection was 4.75% (19/400), with 5.33% (12/225) in males and 4.57% (7/175) in females, showing no gender difference. The recurrence rate was 7.03% (9/128) in smokers and 3.68% (10/272) in nonsmokers, while it was 6.45% (12/186) in those who drink alcohol and 3.27% (7/214) in those who do not drink alcohol, showing no significant differences. The higher the frequency of eating out, the higher the recurrence rate of  H. pylori  infection ( P  = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between patients receiving treatment alone and patients whose family members also received treatment (6.08% vs. 0.96%,  P  = 0.035). Drinking and dining out were independent risk factors for  H. pylori  infection recurrence ( P  = 0.014 for drinkers and  P  = 0.015 and  P  = 0.003 for those who sometimes and often dine out, respectively).Conclusions   The overall recurrence rate after  H. pylori  eradication by standard therapy in Jiangjin District is 4.75%. Reducing the frequency of eating out and family members receiving treatment may reduce the recurrence of  H. pylori  infection.

Helicobacter pylori Recurrence after Eradication Therapy in Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China