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Naturally occurring microbiota in mosquito larval habitats are among biotic factors which affect the population dynamics of developing larvae. Many microbiota species serve as food items for vector mosquito larvae, and food limitations within habitats adversely affect larval survival, developmental rate, adult fitness, and thereby vector competence. Therefore, identification of microbiota as associates with larvae reveals their relationship between each other as parasites, pathogens, epibionts, or diet organisms. Analysis of associated microbiota species in the dengue vector larval breeding habitats ( n  = 40) and the mosquito larval gut content were conducted in Kandy District in Sri Lanka. Study revealed that a total of 22 microbiota species belong to nine phyla (Amoebozoa, Bacillariophyta, Ciliophora, Chlorophyta, Sarcodina, Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta, Euglenozoa, Ochrophyta/Heterokontophyta, and Rotifera) were encountered from different  Ae. aegypti  mosquito breeding habitats while 26 microbiota species that belonged to ten phyla were recorded from  Ae. albopictus  mosquito breeding habitats with one additional phylum Arthropoda. Considering  Ae. aegypti  breeding habitats, only  Philodina citrina  in low roof gutters existed as constant species. Considering  Aedes albopictus  breeding habitats,  Volvox aureus  in plastic containers,  Lecane luna  in coconut shells,  Phacus pleuronectes  in concrete slabs, and  Pinnularia  sp. in tree holes existed as constant species. The rest of the microbiota existed as common or accidental/rare species in a variety of habitat types. The Shannon-Weiner diversity (21.01 and 19.36) and gamma diversity (eight and eight) of the microbiota associated with  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus  larvae, respectively, in ponds were found to be higher than other types of breeding habitats recorded during the study. Twelve microbiota species were recorded from larval gut analysis as food organisms of both species of mosquito larvae. However, the distribution of gut microbiota species differed between  Ae. aegypti  and  Ae. albopictus  (Chi − square = 21.294,  P  = 0.002). Identification of microbiota as food items of vector mosquito larvae led to a focus on larval food limitation by introducing food competitors, which could be a potential additional tool for integrated vector control approaches within the country.

biomed research international

Naturally Occurring Microbiota in Dengue Vector Mosquito Breeding Habitats and Their Use as Diet Organisms by Developing Larvae in the Kandy District, Sri Lanka