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It has been observed that the structure of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is good at exploiting capability, but it easily suffers from premature convergence. Hybrid metaheuristics are of the most interesting recent trends for improving the performance of WOA. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm framework with learning and complementary fusion features for WOA is designed, called hWOAlf. First, WOA is integrated with complementary feature operators to enhance exploration capability. Second, the proposed algorithm framework adopts a learning parameteraccording to adaptive adjustment operator to replace the random parameter.  To further verify the efficiency of the hWOAlf, the DE/rand/1 operator of differential evolution (DE) and the mutate operator of backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSA) are embedded into WOA, respectively, to form two new algorithms called WOA-DE and WOA-BSA under the proposed framework. Twenty-three benchmark functions and six engineering design problems are employed to test the performance of WOA-DE and WOA-BSA. Experimental results show that WOA-DE and WOA-BSA are competitive compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms.

A Hybrid Algorithm Framework with Learning and Complementary Fusion Features for Whale Optimization Algorithm