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Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is a common complication of total or completion thyroidectomy. The association between preoperative vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the development of more severe postoperative hypocalcemia is still unclear.  Objectives . To evaluate the effect of preoperative VDD on severity of hypocalcemia in patients with hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy.  Methods . Patients who developed acute hypoparathyroidism after total or completion thyroidectomy, defined as postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) level <15 pg/mL and albumin-adjusted calcium level <8.6 mg/dL, were prospectively recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to their preoperative vitamin D status (VDD group: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level <20 ng/mL; non-VDD group: 25(OH) level ≥20 ng/mL). The primary outcome was severity of hypocalcemia in postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Significant hypocalcemia was defined as calcium level ≤7.5 mg/dL.  Results . Forty-three patients (21 VDD, 22 non-VDD) were enrolled. Serum total albumin-adjusted calcium level was significantly lower in the VDD group (7.71 ± 0.5 vs. 8.16 ± 0.4 mg/dL,  p  < 0.01), and the incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was significantly higher in the VDD group (43% vs. 9%,  p =0.01). The median maximal daily supplementary dose of elemental calcium was significantly higher in the VDD group (2,400 vs. 1,500 mg/day,  p =0.02). Length of hospital stay was nonsignificantly longer in the VDD group ( p =0.06). Preoperative vitamin D level <19.6 ng/mL could predict significant and symptomatic hypocalcemia in postoperative hypoparathyroidism with sensitivity of 90% and 82% and specificity of 70% and 69%, respectively.  Conclusion . VDD is an independent risk factor for both significant and symptomatic hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism patients after thyroid surgery.

Effect of Preoperative Vitamin D Deficiency on Hypocalcemia in Patients with Acute Hypoparathyroidism after Thyroidectomy