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This study aimed to determine the effects of tropical fruit juice mixture (pomegranate, white guava, and Roselle) on biochemical, behavioral, and histopathological changes of  β -amyloid- (A β -) induced rats. Formulation 8 (F8) of tropical fruit juice mixture was chosen for this present study due to its high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Forty Wistar male rats were divided into five groups: dPBS (sham-operated control), dA β  (A β  control), JPBS (F8 and PBS), JA β  (F8 and A β ), and IBFA β  (ibuprofen and A β ). F8 (5 ml/kg BW), and ibuprofen (10 ml/kg BW) was given orally daily for four weeks before the intracerebroventricular infusion of A β  for two weeks. Histological analysis and neuronal count of hippocampus tissue in the Cornu Ammonis (CA1) region showed that supplementation with F8 was able to prevent A β -induced tissue damage and neuronal shrinkage. However, no significant difference in locomotor activity and novel object recognition (NOR) percentage was detected among different groups at day 7 and day 14 following A β  infusion. Only effect of time differences (main effect of day) was observed at day 7 as compared to day 14, where reduction in locomotor activity and NOR percentage was observed in all groups, with F (1, 7) = 6.940,  p  < 0.05 and F (1, 7) = 7.152,  p  < 0.05, respectively. Besides, the MDA level of the JA β  group was significantly lower ( p  < 0.01) than that of the dPBS group. However, no significant changes in SOD activity were detected among different groups. Significant reduction in plasma CRH level ( p  < 0.05) and iNOS expression ( p  < 0.01) in the brain was detected in the JA β  group as compared to the dA β  group. Hence, our current findings suggest that the tropical fruit juice mixture (F8) has the potential to protect the rats from A β -induced neurotoxicity in brain hippocampus tissue possibly via its antioxidant properties and the suppression of iNOS expression and CRH production.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

Neuroprotection of Tropical Fruit Juice Mixture via the Reduction of iNOS Expression and CRH Level in <i>β</i>-Amyloid-Induced Rats Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Neuroprotection of Tropical Fruit Juice Mixture via the Reduction of iNOS Expression and CRH Level in β-Amyloid-Induced Rats Model of Alzheimer’s Disease