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Background   T2DM may cause increased levels of oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis through elevated blood glucose. The present study investigated the effects of  Lactobacillus plantarum  ( L .  plantarum ) as a probiotic strain and inulin as a prebiotic supplement on cardiac oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.Methods   A high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes. The rats were divided into six groups which were supplemented with  L .  plantarum , inulin, or their combination for 8 weeks.Results   The results showed improved activity of cardiac antioxidant parameters including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ( P  < 0.001,  P  < 0.01, and  P  < 0.01, respectively) and decreased level of cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration ( P  < 0.05). These changes were accompanied with increased protein expression of cardiac obesity receptor (Ob-R) ( P  = 0.05) and reduced apoptotic markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), Fas ligand (FasL), and caspase proteins ( P  < 0.001,  P  = 0.003, and  P  < 0.01, respectively) in T2DM rats after concurrent  L .  plantarum  and inulin supplementation. Moreover, a remarkable correlation of cardiac Ob-R and oxidative stress parameters with cardiac apoptotic markers was observed ( P  < 0.01).Conclusion   The concurrent use of  L .  plantarum  and inulin seems to be beneficial, as they can lead to decreased heart complications of T2DM via reducing cardiac apoptotic markers.

journal of diabetes research

<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> And Inulin: Therapeutic Agents to Enhance Cardiac Ob Receptor Expression and Suppress Cardiac Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Lactobacillus plantarum And Inulin: Therapeutic Agents to Enhance Cardiac Ob Receptor Expression and Suppress Cardiac Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats