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Purpose. To investigate the age-related change of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and prevalence of myopia and high myopia in children at 7–18-year-olds in Shanghai in 2014 and 2018, respectively. Methods. This was an observational study in Shanghai. The same 3 schools were selected in 2014 and 2018, respectively. AL, SE, prevalence of myopia and high myopia, height, and weight were measured. A questionnaire regarding the lifestyles was completed. Results. Mean age was smaller in 2018 than in 2014 ( P &lt; 0.001 ), and mean AL was shorter in 2018 than in 2014 ( P = 0.003 ), whereas mean SE was greater in 2018 than in 2014 ( P &lt; 0.001 ). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was lower in 2018 than in 2014 ( P &lt; 0.001 and  P = 0.013 , respectively). Mean AL increased with age from 7-year-olds to 18-year-olds in 2014 and 2018 (both  P &lt; 0.001 ), respectively. Mean SE decreased with age in 2014 and 2018 (both  P &lt; 0.001 ), respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased with age in 2014 and 2018 (all  P &lt; 0.001 ), respectively. Less mean time outdoors and more mean time of study of all children were observed in 2018 than in 2014 ( P = 0.018 and  P &lt; 0.001 , respectively). Conclusion. This study shows normative growth values for AL and SE in Shanghai children at the age of 7–18-year-olds, as well as the age-specific prevalence of myopia and high myopia.

Age-Related Change of Axial Length, Spherical Equivalent, and Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia in School-Age Children in Shanghai: 2014–2018