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Objective   This study aimed to detect 5 kinds of genes related to plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in four species of nonfermenting bacteria with 2 drug resistance phenotypes (multidrug resistance and pandrug resistance), which were  Acinetobacter baumannii  (Ab),  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  (Pa),  Stenotrophomonas maltophilia  (Sm), and  Elizabethkingia meningoseptica  (Em).Methods   The Phoenix NMIC/ID-109 panel and API 20NE panel were applied to 19 isolated strains, including 6 Ab strains (2 strains with multidrug resistance and 4 strains with pandrug resistance), 6 Pa strains (3 strains with multidrug resistance and 3 strains with pandrug resistance), 4 Sm strains (2 strains with multidrug resistance and 2 strains with pandrug resistance), and 3 Cm strains (2 strains with multidrug resistance and 1 strain with pandrug resistance). After strain identification and drug susceptibility test, PCR was applied to detect 5 genes related to plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. The genes detected were quinolone resistance A ( qnrA ), aminoglycoside acetyltransferase ciprofloxacin resistance variant,  acc(6′)-Ib-cr , and 3 integrons ( intI 1,  intI 2, and  intI 3). The amplified products were analyzed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and sequenced. Sequence alignment was carried out using the bioinformatics technique.Results   Of 19 strains tested, 8 strains carried  acc(6′)-Ib-cr  and 6 of them were of pandrug resistance phenotype (3 Ab strains, 2 Pa strains, and 1 Sm strain). The carrying rate of  acc(6′)-Ib-cr  was 60.0% for strains of pandrug resistance (6/10). Two strains were of multidrug resistance (1 Ab strain and 1 Pa strain), and the carrying rate of  acc(6′)-Ib-cr  was 22.0% (2/9). The carrying rate was significantly different between strains of multidrug resistance and pandrug resistance ( P  < 0.05). The class 1 integron was detected in 11 strains, among which 6 strains were of pandrug resistance (3 Ab strains, 2 Pa strains, and 1 Sm strain). The carrying rate of the class 1 integron was 60.0% (6/10). Five strains were of multidrug resistance (3 Pa strains, 1 Ab strain, and 1 Em strain), and the carrying rate was 55.6% (5/9). The carrying rate of the class 1 integron was not significantly different between strains of multidrug resistance and pandrug resistance ( P  > 0.05). Both  acc(6′)-Ib-cr  and  intI 1 were detected in 6 strains, which were negative for  qnrA ,  intI 2, and  intI 3.Conclusion   Quinolone resistance of isolated strains was related to  acc(6′)-Ib-cr  and  intI 1 but not to  qnrA ,  intI 2, or  intI 3. The carrying rate of  acc(6′)-Ib-cr  among the strains of pandrug resistance was much higher than that among the strains of multidrug resistance. But, the strains of two drug resistant phenotypes were not significantly different in the carrying rate of  intI 1. The detection rates of the two genes were high and similar in Ab and Pa strains. 1 Em strain carried the class 1 integron.

the canadian journal of infectious diseases and medical microbiology/canadian journal of infectious diseases and medical microbiology

Detection of 5 Kinds of Genes Related to Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Four Species of Nonfermenting Bacteria with 2 Drug Resistant Phenotypes