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Background   Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection-induced apoptosis was recently identified as an important pathological factor in PPV-induced placental tissue damage, resulting in reproduction failure. In the present study, we demonstrate the possible involvement of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nuclear factor (NF)- κ B inflammasome activation in PPV infection-induced apoptosis and the protective potential of ferulic acid (FA). PPV infection significantly activated the expression levels of TLR4, NF- κ B, MyD88, and interleukin (IL)-6. However, FA ameliorated the pathological process, prevented histological alterations, and inhibited the apoptosis rate in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells infected with PPV.Results   FA inhibited PPV infection-induced inflammasome activation as shown by decreases in the expression of NF- κ B, MyD88, and IL-6. FA also downregulated nonstructural (NS) 1 protein expression in infected PK-15 cells.Conclusions   FA downregulated NS1 and TLR4 signaling, prevented the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed the NF- κ B inflammasome axis to inhibit PPV-induced apoptosis in PK-15 cells.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

Ferulic Acid Protects against Porcine Parvovirus Infection-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing the Nuclear Factor-<i>κ</i>B Inflammasome Axis and Toll-Like Receptor 4 via Nonstructural Protein 1

Ferulic Acid Protects against Porcine Parvovirus Infection-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing the Nuclear Factor-κB Inflammasome Axis and Toll-Like Receptor 4 via Nonstructural Protein 1