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Objective . To investigate the effects of cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles on the inflammatory response of peritonitis rats induced by  Staphylococcus epidermidis  infection.  Methods . Green tea polyphenol CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by transmission microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, and powder diffractometer. 40 male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n  = 10 each): a control group, a model group, a CeO2 group, and a CeO2 + model group.  Staphylococcus epidermidis  solution was injected intraperitoneally with 10 7  CFU/ml of bacterial solution in the model group, while the control group was injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of normal saline, and the CeO2 and CeO2 + model groups were injected with 0.5 mg/kg CeO2 nanoparticles through the tail vein for 2 h and then injected with saline or bacterial solution for 2 h, respectively. After 0 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h of model construction, rats were sacrificed, and serum and peritoneal lavage fluid were collected. The total number of leukocytes and the percentage of each type of leukocytes in the peritoneal lavage fluid were determined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of inflammatory factor TNF- α  in serum and peritoneal lavage fluid, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in peritoneal tissue was also measured. In addition, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peritoneal tissue, and western blotting was used to detect the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and the activation of NF- κ B signaling pathways as well.  Results . The CeO2 has an average size of 37 ± 3 nm with binding activity to proteins, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. After counting the white blood cells in the peritoneal lavage fluid, it was found that the total number of white blood cells and the percentage of neutrophils in the model group were significantly increased (both    P0.05   ); at the same time in the CeO2 + model group, the TNF- α  content was significantly reduced (all    P0.05   ); however, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the CeO2 + model group (all    P0.05   ) and administration of CeO2 before model construction can significantly reverse the above protein activation (all    P  &lt;  0.05   ).  Conclusion . CeO2 nanoparticles have anti-inflammatory effects in peritonitis caused by  Staphylococcus epidermidis  infection.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Peritonitis in Rats Induced by Staphylococcus epidermidis Infection