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Background. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) represents the hypergonadotropic hypoestrogenic symptoms that result in the loss of ovarian follicles. 5-30% POI cases are suggested to be involved in autoimmune etiology. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) plays a vital role in ovarian folliculogenesis via regulating and interacting with multiple target genes. Here, we conduct the target prediction of miR-21, identify the expression and correlation of miR-21 and its putative target Pellino-1 (Peli1), and confirm their relationship with clinical characteristics in autoimmune POI. Methods. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to screen the miR-21 putative target gene. Autoimmune POI mouse models were established by ZP3 immunization. Serum miR-21, Peli1 mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), general status, spleen Tregs ratio, inflammatory factors, ovarian endocrine function, and ovarian structure were evaluated. For autoimmune POI patients, serum miR-21, PBMCs Peli1 mRNA levels, general data, immune parameters, hormone levels, and ultrasound examinations were obtained. The correlations of miR-21 with Peli1 and clinical characteristics in patients were analyzed. Results. Peli1 was selected based on four microRNA prediction databases and literature retrieval. In mouse models, serum miR-21 level, PBMCs and Tregs Peli1 mRNA, and spleen Tregs ratio were 0.61±0.09, 0.12±0.12, 0.27±0.23 and 4.82±0.58, respectively, lower than those in the control group. In patients, miR-21 level (0.60±0.14) and Peli1 mRNA (0.30±0.14) were lower than those in the control group (1.01±0.07 and 1.63±0.54); miR-21 was positively related with Peli1, AMH, E2, the size of the uterus, and ovarian volume and negatively related with FSH, LH, and the number of positive immune parameters (AOAb, EMAb, ACL, ANA, ds-DNA, ACA, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3, and C4). Conclusions. Low expressions of miR-21 and Peli1 were detected in autoimmune POI mice and patients. Positive correlation between miR-21 and Peli1 was observed in autoimmune POI patients, suggesting that miR-21 and Peli1 might be associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune POI.

miR-21 and Pellino-1 Expression Profiling in Autoimmune Premature Ovarian Insufficiency